Procedural Content Generation

A Survey of Procedural Methods in Entertainment Computing

(Last Update: March 23, 2007)

Animation

Perlin, K. Real Time Responsive Animation with Personality. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics., 1, 1 (March 1995), 5-15.

City and Building

Muller, P., et al. Procedural Modeling of Buildings. ACM Transaction on Graphics., 25, 3 (July 2006), 614-623.

Martin, J. Procedural House Generation: A method for dynamically generating floor plans. Symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics and Games (2006).

Greuter, S., et al. Real-time Procedural Generation of ‘Pseudo Infinite’ Cities. In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques in Australia and South East Asia (Melbourne, 2003). 87-94.

Wonka, P., Wimmer, M., Sillion, F., and Ribarsky, W. Instant architecture. ACM Transactions on Graphics., 22, 3 (2003), 669–677.

Noel, J. Dynamic Building Plan Generation. Undergraduate Project Disseration, University of Sheffield, 2003.

Dungeon and Game Level/World

Nitsche, M., Ashmore, C., Hankinson, W., Fitzpatrick, R., Kelly, J., and Margenau, K. Designing Procedural Game Spaces: A Case Study. In Proceedings of FuturePlay 2006 (London, Ontario, October 10-12, 2006).

Roden, T., and Parberry, I. Procedural Level Generation. In Game Programming Gems 5. Charles River Media, March 2005, 579-588.

Furmanski, T. Here Be Dragons: Emergent Procedural Landscapes. Thesis Project, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 2005.

Adams, D. Automatic Generation of Dungeons for Computer Grames. Undergraduate Project Disseration, University of Sheffield, 2002.

Bruneton, E. Modeling and Rendering Rama. Available online at http://ebruneton.free.fr/rama3/rama.html.

Buck, J. Random Dungeon Design: The Secret Workings of Jamis Buck's Dungeon Generator. Available online at http://www.aarg.net/~minam/dungeon_design.html

Map

Prachyabrued, M., Roden, T., and Benton, R. Procedural Generation of Stylized 2D Maps. In Proceedings of the 2007 ACM SIGCHI International Conference on Advances in Computer Entertainment Technology (Salzburg, Austria, June 13-15, 2007). 147-150.

Mountain

Prusinkiewicz, P., and Hammel, M. Fractal Model of Mountains with Rivers. In Proceeding of Graphics Interface (Toronto, Ontario, May 19-21, 1993). 174-180.

Planet

True, A. Procedural Planet. Available online at http://www.gamedev.net/reference/articles/article2074.asp.

River

Clyde, D. Adding Realistic Rivers to Random Terrain. Available online at http://www.gamedev.net/reference/articles/article2065.asp.

Prusinkiewicz, P., and Hammel, M. Fractal Model of Mountains with Rivers. In Proceeding of Graphics Interface (Toronto, Ontario, May 19-21, 1993). 174-180.

Road

Sun, J., Yu, X., Baciu, G., and Green, M. Template-Based Generation of Road Networks for Virtual City Modeling. In Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology (Hongkong, China, November 11-13, 2002). 33-40.

Rock

Deix, W. I. Real-time Rendering of Fractal Rocks. In The 7th Central European Seminar on Computer Graphics (Slovakia, April 22-24, 2003).

Sky

Gehling, M. Dynamic Skyscape. In Game Developer. March 2006.

Roden, T., and Parberry, I. Clouds and Stars: Efficient Real-Time Procedural Sky Rendering Using 3D Hardware. In Proceedings of the 2005 ACM SIGCHI International Conference on Advances in Computer Entertainment Technology (Valencia, Spain, June 15-17, 2005). 434-437.

Pallister, K. Generating Procedural Clouds in Real-Time on 3D Hardware. Technical Report, Intel Developer Service, 2000.

Wijaya, M., and Callele, D. Semi-Random Terrain Generation. Graphics Interface (2005).

Roden, T., and Parberry, I. From Artistry to Automation: A Structured Methodology for Procedural Content Creation. In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Entertainment Computing (Eindhoven, The Netherlands, September 1-3, 2004). 151-156.

Macri, D., and Pallister, K. Procedural 3D content generation. Technical Report., Intel Developer Service, 2000.

Martin, K. Using Bitmaps for Automatic Generation of Large-Scale Terrain Models. In Game Developer. October, 1999.

Texture

Ebert, D., et al. Texture and Modeling: A Procedural Approach 3rd edition. Academic Press, London, England, 1994.

Macri, D., and Pallister, K. Procedural 3D content generation. Technical Report., Intel Developer Service, 2000.

Weber, J., and Joseph, P. Creation and Rendering of Realistic Trees. In Proceedings of the 22nd Annual ACM Conference on Computer graphics (1995). 119-128.

Misc

Martinet, A., Galin, A., Desbenoit, B., and Akkouche, S. Procedural Modeling of Cracks and Fractures. In Proceedings of the Shape Modeling International (June 7-9, 2004). 346-349.

Other Resources

An article, "Procedural Content Generation", by Introversion Software.

Algorithmic Botany, the website of the Biological Modeling and Visualization research group in the Department of Computer Science at the University of Calgary.

An article, "Content is Bad", from www.lostgarden.com.