VII. Memorial Processes & Context
A. Rehearsal & LTM
1.
Rundus
2.
Craik & Watkins
B. Levels of Processing Theory (Craik
& Lockhart)
1.
Characteristics
a. Incidental Learning
b. Orienting Task
2.
Results
a. Hyde & Jenkins
b. Craik & Tulving
3.
Alternative Theoretical Explanations
a. Distinctiveness Theory: Eysenck
i. Von Restorff Effect
ii. Eysenck & Eysenck
iii. Hunt & Elliott: Orthographic
Distinctiveness
b. Elaboration
Theory: (Anderson &
Reder; Stein & Bransford)
i. Craik & Tulving's Experiment
ii. Self-Reference Effect
iii. Stein & Bransford: Type
of
Elaboration
iv. Elaborative vs. Maintenance
Rehearsal
4.
Multiple Codings
a. Klein & Saltz
b. Hunt & Einstein: Relation vs.
Item-Specific Information
C. Context at Recall
1.
TAP (Transfer Appropriate Processing): Bransford & Franks
2.
Encoding Specificity (Tulving)
a. Thomson & Tulving: PES vs.
Associations
b. Godden & Baddeley (Water World)
c. Tulving: Recall vs. Recognition
d. Smith: Contextual Reinstatement