Unit IV Review Sheet (Note: Terms are arranged in order of appearance in the readings. Terms with an asterisk were also mentioned in lecture. Some of these overlap with Unit II terms.) *instrumental conditioning *operant conditioning *voluntary behaviors *reinforcer *punisher Watson *Thorndike reflexes *contiguity theory principle of frequency principle of recency *chain Watson & Rayner Little Albert emotional conditioning *puzzle box *insight *trial and error *law of effect *reinforcement theory teleological explanation law of exercise (law of use) *Skinner *law of reinforcement *law of punishment *transituational reinforcement *generalization *gradient of excitation *gradient of inhibition *baseline/operant level *Guttman & Kalish *discriminative stimulus/cue *resistance to extinction *spontaneous recovery *relearning *Bolles *safety signals *danger signals *SSDRs Brown, Martin, & Murrow vicious circle behavior Badia & Culbertson Baida, Culbertson, & Harsh *signaled shock *unsignaled shock *secondary reinforcement *primary reinforcement *Egger & Miller token economy response competition approach-avoidance Fowler & Miller Dollard & Miller approach gradient avoidance gradient conflict point *partial reinforcement effect Roberts *Amsel's Frustration Theory *appetitive/approach learning *omission training *Sheffield *escape learning *avoidance learning *punishment training *shaping Colwill & Rescorla Rescorla Seward & Levy latent extinction gradient of reinforcement Grice *Capaldi *superstitious behavior *RF+ *RF- (negative RF) *Negative Punishment *Kraeling *Crespi *Trapold & Fowler *Boe & Church *Campbell, Batsche, & Batsche *acquisition *Maintenance *+/- contrast *learning *performance *contingency *Hammond *autoshaping *Staddon & Simmelhag *Killeen Thomas *Watson *Seligman & Maier *cognitive deficit hypothesis *long-delay learning *Garcia & Koelling Lieberman, Davidson, & Thomas *Marker *marking hypothesis D'Amato, Sarafin, & Salmon *Olton *Spence *anticipatory fractional goal response *mediator foraging theory *belongingness *Shettleworth *Seligman *principle of preparedness *prepared/contraprepared responses *Tolman & Honzik *latent learning Butler Bandura observational learning vicarious RF vicarious P Kohn & Dennis imitation McNamara, Long, & Wike *cognitive map Menzel Macfarlane Morris maze Morris *Herrnstein *matching law melioration theory Reynolds Wagner, Logan, Haberlandt, & Price Lawrence & DeRivera relational learning radical behaviorism cognitive expectancy theory operants respondents stimulus control verbal conditioning studies purposive behaviorism cognitions expectancy value valence And also from lectures: organism-environment loop Mowrer's 2-factor theory or avoidance learning problem of foresight functional/macro level micro level operant contingency space Maier freeze hypothesis acquired fear (Miller) principle of distinctiveness principle of recency Welker & McAuley drive level