Visual Imagery

I. History: Part I

A. Structuralism and Imageless Thought Debate

B. Behaviorism’s Anti-Imagery Stance

II. History: Part II (A Quick Reprise)

A. Rundus (1971)

B. Craik & Watkins (1973)

C. Atkinson & Shiffrin (1986)

III. Visual Imagery and Learning

A. Images and Working Memory

1. Shepard & Colleagues: Mental Rotation

a. Metzler (1971)

b. Cooper (1973)

2. Kosslyn (1975): Verification Tasks

3. Posner (1978): Matching Task

B. Paivio’s Dual Coding Theory (1969)

C. Images and Long Term Memory

1. Visual Manipulations

a. Shepard (1967): Picture Memory

b. Kosslyn, Ball, & Reisser (1978): Mental Scanning

c. Wollen, Weber, & Lowry (1972)

2. Imagery and Elaboration: Bower & Winzenz (1970)

D. Images and Cognitive Neuroscience

1. Roland & Frieberg (1985)

2. Goldenberg, Podreka, Steiner, & Wilmes (1987)

IV. Imagery and Cognitive Tasks

A. Processed vs. Preprocessed

1. General questions

2. Propositional theory vs. spatial representational theory

3. “The dog licks the baby.”

3. Propositional network

4. Epiphenomenon and Occam’s razor

B. Processed vs. Preprocessed - Experimental Evidence

1. Scanning visual images

a. Kosslyn, Ball, & Reiser (1978)

2. Sequential vs. parallel processing

a. Smith & Nielsen (1970)

3. Mental transformations

a. Shepard & Metzler (1971)

4. Interference

a. Brooks (1968)

b. Paivio (1975)

5. Cognitive neuroscience

a. Roland & Frieberg (1985)

b. Goldenberg, Podreka, Steiner, & Wilmes (1987)

c. DeVreese’s (1991)

d. Bisiach & Luzzati’s (1978)

6. Memory for details

a. Nickerson & Adams (1979)

b. Chambers & Reisberg (1985)

7. Mental comparisons/Relational judgments

a. Kosslyn (1975)