VII. Life Span - Part 1
A. Overview of Stages &
Challenges
1. Childhood: Establishing
Basic Trust
2. { Adolescence: Identity, Peers,
& Puberty }
3. Early Adulthood:
Establishing Independence
4. Middle Age: Past
Accomplishments; Body Changes
5. Old Age: Quality-of-Life
& End-Of-Life Issues
B. Early Attachment
1. Across Species:
Imprinting & Critical Periods
2. Human Critical
Periods: Orphanage Studies
3. Attachment in Monkeys:
Harry Harlow’s Studies
4. Bowlby & Ainsworth
on Attachment
5. Attachment &
Parenting Style
C. Piaget & Cognitive Development
1. Adaptation: Assimilation
& Accommodation
2. Stages of Cognitive
Development
a. Sensorimotor Stage (1st 2 years, approx)
i. Stage
of Reflex Actions (~ 0-1 month)
ii.
Stage of Primary Circular Reactions (~ 1-4 months)
iii.
Stage of Secondary Circular Reactions (~ 4-8 months)
iv.
Coordination of Secondary Reactions (~ 8-12 months)
v. Stage
of Tertiary Circular Reactions (~ 12-18 months)
vi. New
Means Through Mental Invention (~ 18-24)
b. PreOperational Stage ( 2-7 years approx)
i.
Transductive reasoning
ii.
Static, non-reversible thought
iii.
Egocentrism (3-mountain problem)
c. Concrete Operations (7 - 11 ½ approx)
i. Some
reversibility
ii.
Rigid, Stipulative Classification
iii.
Moral Rigidity
d. Formal Operations
3. Some Critiques
a.
Egocentrism
i. Young kids
moderate language to even younger kids
ii.
Difficulty of 3-mountain problem
iii.
Keysar: Adults often show egocentrism
b. Conservation
i. Bever & 2-year-olds
ii.
Inverted-U Development Curves (IP approach)
c. Formal Operations: Language & Cultural
Influence