VI. Thinking & Problem-Solving

    A. Types of Problems

        2. Well-Defined

    B. Solving Well-Defined Problems

        1. Newell & Simon's Problem Space

        2. Algorithms vs. Heuristics

        3. Why Algorithms Don't Always Work

       4.  Newell & Simon:  Types of Heuristics

                a. Means-Ends Analysis

                 b. Subgoals

    C. Some Barriers to Problem-Solving

        1. Perceptual Set (Scheerer's 9-Dot Problem)

        2.  Functional Fixedness

                a. Maier's String Problem

                 b. Duncker's Candle Problem

        3. Problem-Solving Set Luchins & Luchins - the Water Jug Problem

         5. Kahneman & Tversky: Availability Heuristic

        6. Kahneman & Tversky:  Representativeness Heuristic (& Conjunction Fallacy)

VII. Language & Thought

    A. Levels of Language

        2. Morphemes

        3.  Syntax (Grammar as a Generative Theory)

        4.  Semantics

        5.  Pragmatics

    B. A Bit About Syntax

        1. Phrase-Structure Rules

        2. Lexical Insertion Rules

        3. Transformational Rules

        4.  Deep Structure vs. Surface Structure

                a. "They are flying planes"

                 b. "The shooting of the hunters was awful"

    C. A Bit About Semantics

        1. Natural Language Categories & Fuzzy Boundaries

        2.  Wittgenstien:  Categories are Family-Resemblance Structures

    D. A Bit About Pragmatics

        1. Haviland & Clark:  The Given-New Principle

        2.  Direct & Indirect Requests

    E. Whorf & The Linguistic Determinism Hypothesis

        1. Strong vs. weak versions of the Whorfian Hypothesis

        2.  Some cases where it may be wrong:  Color Terms