IV. Memory
A. Tri-Partite Breakdown
1. Encoding
2. Storage
3. Retrieval
B. Storage Systems
1. Overview
2. Sensory Memories
a. Their Function & Speed
b. Most-Studied Types
i. Iconic Memory
ii. Echoic Memory
c. Evidence For (Sperling): Partial vs. Whole Report
3. The Baddeley-Hitch Working Memory Model
a. STM Characteristics
i. Fragility
ii. Duration
iii. Capacity: Span & The Magic Number (Miller)
b. Span = Sum of Components in WM
i. The Central Executive
ii. The Phonological
Loop
iii. The Visuo-Spatial Sketchpad
c. Evidence For a Multi-Store WM
i. Word Length Effect
ii. Phonological
Similarity Effect
iii. Suppression Techniques & Results
iv. Naturalistic Case Studies (PV)
4. Intermediate-Term Memory
5. Long-Term Memory
a. Characteristics
i. Multiple Format
ii. Duration
iii. Immense
Capacity
b. Procedural vs. Declarative Memory:
Know How vs. Know
That
c. Semantic versus Episodic (Declarative) Memory
i. Structured in Networks
ii. Spreading
Activation
iii. Priming
Effects: Lexical Decision Task
d. Implicit vs Explicit Memory
e. Many Other Proposed Types (e.g., prosopagnosia)
C. Encoding Processes
1. Rote Rehearsal
a. Rehearsal & The Serial Position Effect
b. Rundus: Overt Rehearsal Technique
2. Level of Processing
a. Orienting Task
b. The Hyde & Jenkins Experiment
c. The Craik & Tulving Experiment
d. The Craik & Watkins Study
3. Distinctiveness (Eyesenck)
a. Distinctiveness
& The Serial Position Effect
b. Orthographic Distinctiveness
c. Too Much Distinctiveness?
4. Elaboration
a. Craik &
Tulving
b. Stein & Bransford
5. The Generation Effect
6. Organization & Mnemonic Devices
D. Retrieval Processes
1. Tulving's Principle of Encoding Specificity
a. Context of Encoding
b. Context of Retrieval & Retrieval Cues
2. Experiments
a. Smith’s Room Change Experiment
b.
Godden & Baddeley’s Diver Experiment
c. Morris, Bransford, & Franks: How Tulving explains the Levels effect