Department of Communicative Disorders

Ph.D. in Applied Language and Speech Sciences

CODI 603 Clinical Sociolinguistics

Spring Semester

Dr Martin J. Ball, Hawthorne-BoRSF Distinguished Professor

This course is designed as a seminar series in sociolinguistics, especially as applied to clinical data. There has been a great amount of work done on the interaction between linguistic and social factors over the last 40 years or so, and doctoral level students need to be up-to-date in these approaches. This course will take you from the beginnings of sociolinguistics through to current work in clinical aspects of the subject.

The course does require a fair amount of reading by students: the required readings are set out in the schedule below. All required reading materials will be provided as handouts at the beginning of the semester. It is expected that each assigned reading will be presented by one class member, with discussion involving the whole class. Students will submit two of their reviews (of their choice) to go towards the assessment for the course.

The assessment will consist of two reviews, carrying 30% weighting, and a written paper carrying 70%. Topics for the written paper will be decided between the student and the course tutor during the semester. Papers will be presented in class in the final week of teaching and submitted at the end of that week. All assignments are expected to be completed individually, unless specifically stated otherwise by the instructor. See the student conduct code for penalties relating to perjury.

Points will be deducted for all assignments that are turned in late unless the student presents a written excuse that is acceptable to the tutor. Letter grades will be assigned using the following percentage scale:

91 - 100 - A

82 - 90 - B

73 - 81 - C

65 - 72 - D

Below 65 - F

ACADEMIC DISHONESTY: The definition of plagiarism is taking someone else’s work and representing it as your own.  Cheating will not be tolerated with penalties ranging from a 0 for the test or project to expulsion from the course or university.  Please notify the instructor if you believe an act of plagiarism is being committed.

EMERGENCY EVACUATION PROCEDURES: A map of the floor is posted near the elevator marking the evacuation route and the designated rescue area. This is where emergency service personnel will go first to look for individuals who need assistance in exiting the building.  Students who may need assistance should identify themselves to the instructor as soon as possible.

ILLUSTRATIVE SCHEDULE

Suggested readings are listed below. Week 1 has background reading only.

Week 1 Introduction and background
January 18
  a) Ronald Wardhaugh, chapter 1; Preface to Ball (Ed).
  b) Hymes ‘The scope of sociolinguistics’ in Coupland & Jaworski
  c) Labov ‘Linguistics and Sociolinguistics’ in Coupland & Jaworski
  d) Fishman ‘The sociology of language’ in Coupland & Jaworski

Week 2 Speech communities and social networks
January 25
Background: Wardhaugh, chapter 5
  a) Britain & Matsumoto in Ball (Ed).
  b) Labov ‘The reflection of social processes in linguistic structures’ in Labov ‘Sociolinguistic Patterns’
  c) Milroy, J. & Milroy, L. ‘Network structure and linguistic change’ in Coupland & Jaworski  
  d) Owens ‘Uniformity and discontinuity: toward a characterization of speech communities’
  e) Dua ‘Dimensions of speech community’
  f) Ana & Parodi ‘Modeling the speech community: Configuration and variable types in the Mexican Spanish setting’

Week 3 Regional and social variation
February 1
Background: Maclagan in Ball (Ed).
  a) Labov ‘Social stratification of (r) in New York City department stores’ in Coupland & Jaworski  
  b) Trudgill ‘Social differentiation of English in Norwich’ in Coupland & Jaworski  
  c) Cheshire ‘Linguistic variation and social function’ in Coupland & Jaworski  
  d) Wolfram  ‘Delineation and description in dialectology: The case of Perfective I'm in Lumbee English’
  e) Wolfram & Schilling-Estes ‘Moribund dialects and the endangerment canon: The case of the Ocracoke brogue’
  f) Dittmar, chapter 6.2

Week 4 Language variation and gender
February 8
Background: Guendouzi in Ball (Ed).
  a) Swann ‘Gender and Language use’ in Mesthrie et al
  b) Wardhaugh chapter 13
  c) Eckert ‘The whole woman: sex and gender differences in variation’ in Coupland and Jaworski
  d) Cameron & Coates ‘Some problems in the sociolinguistic explanation of sex differences. Language and Communication’
  e) Holmes  ‘Functions of you know in women’s and men’s speech’
  f) Holmes ‘Woman, language and identity’

Week 5 Bi- and multilingualism
February 15
Background: Edwards in Ball (Ed).
  a) Edwards, ‘Multilingualism’  Chapter 1
  b) Cooper & Carpenter ‘Linguistic diversity in the Ethiopian market’ in Fishman
  c) Ma & Herasimchuk   ‘Speech styles in Puerto Rican bilingual speakers’ in Fishman
  d) Fishman ‘Language ethnicity & racism’ in Coupland and Jaworski
  e) Barth  ‘Ethnic processes on the Pathan-Baluch boundary’ in Gumperz & Hymes
  f) Lambert ‘A social psychology of bilingualism’ in Pride & Holmes

Week 6 Diglossia, code-switching, Language change
February 22
Background: Müller and Ball in Ball (Ed); Watt & Smith in Ball (Ed).
  a) Ferguson ‘Diglossia’ in Giglioli
  b) Gardner-Chloros ‘Code switching: language selection in three Strasbourg department stores’ in Coupland and Jaworski
  c) Blom & Gumperz ‘Social meaning in linguistic structures: code-switching in Norway’ in Gumperz & Hymes
  d) Gal, ‘Language change and sex roles in a bilingual community’ in Coupland and Jaworski
  e) Dubois & Melançon ‘Cajun is dead - long live Cajun: shifting from a linguistic to a cultural community’
  f) Labov ‘Mechanism of Language Change’ in Gumperz & Hymes

Week 7 Attitudes to Language Variation
March 1
Background: Preston and Robinson in Ball (Ed).
Preston ‘Language with an attitude’
  a) Preston ‘A language attitude analysis of regional US Speech: Is northern US English not friendly enough?’
  b) Purnell T.; Idsardi W.; Baugh J. ‘Perceptual and Phonetic Experiments on American English Dialect Identification’. In Preston & Milroy special issue (1999)
  c) Niedzielski N.  ‘The Effect of Social Information on the Perception of Sociolinguistic Variables’.  In Preston & Milroy special issue (1999)
  d) Van Bezooijen R.; Gooskens C. ‘Identification of Language Varieties: The Contribution of Different Linguistic Levels’ In Preston & Milroy special issue (1999)
  e) Strand ‘Uncovering the Role of Gender Stereotypes in Speech Perception’ In Preston & Milroy special issue (1999)
  f) Boberg ‘The Attitudinal Component of Variation in American English Foreign (a) Nativation’ In Preston & Milroy special issue (1999)

Week 8 Stylistic Variation & Language and Power
March 8
Background: Damico, Simmons-Mackie & Hawley in Ball (Ed).
  a) Giles & Powesland ‘Accommodation theory’ in Coupland and Jaworski
  b) Bell ‘Language style as audience design’  in Coupland and Jaworski
  c) Labov ‘The isolation of contextual styles’ in Labov ‘Sociolinguistic Patterns’
  d) Brown & Gilman ‘The pronouns of power and solidarity’ In Giglioli
  e) Ervin-Tripp ‘On sociolinguistic rules: alternation and cooccurence’ part 1
  f) Ervin-Tripp ‘On sociolinguistic rules: alternation and cooccurence’ part 2; in Gumperz and Hymes

Week 9 Language & Culture  / African-American Vernacular English
March 15
Background: Taylor & Mendoza-Denton in Ball (Ed); Wolfram in Ball (Ed).
  a) Whorf ‘The relation of habitual thought and behavior to language’  in Coupland and Jaworski
  b) Herbert ‘The sociology of compliment work in Polish and English’  in Coupland and Jaworski
  c)  Hymes ‘Models of the interaction of language and social life’ in Gumperz & Hymes
  d) Wolfram, Hazen, & Tamburro ‘Isolation within isolation: A solitary century of African-American Vernacular English’
  e) Mitchell-Kernan ‘Signifying and Marking: two afro-american speech acts’ in Gumperz & Hymes
  f) Viv Edwards ‘Patois and the politics of protest: Black English in British classrooms’ in Coupland and Jaworski

Week 10 Multilingual aphasia
March 22
Background: Gitterman in Ball (Ed).
  a) Paradis ‘Introduction’ in Paradis; Obler et al ‘Bilingual and Polyglot aphasia’ in Menn et al
  b) Holland and Penn ‘Inventing therapy for aphasia’ in Menn et al
  c) Wiener et al ‘Speech language management of the bilingual aphasic in a US urban rehabilitation hospital’ in Paradis
  d) Dronkers et al ‘Assessment of bilinguality in aphasia’ in Paradis
  e) Fabbro & Paradis ‘Differential impairments in four multilingual patients with subcoritcal lesions’ in Paradis
  f) Junqué et al ‘Differential impairments and specific phenomena in 50 Catalan-Spanish aphasic patients’ in Paradis

Week 11 Variation and acquisition
March 29
  a) Roberts in Ball (Ed).
b) Zhu Hua & Li Wei in Ball (Ed).
c) Li Wei, Miller, Dodd, & Zhu Hua in Ball (Ed).
  d) Oetting in Ball (Ed).
  e) Clopper & Pisoni in Ball (Ed).
  f) Roberts ‘Acquisition of variable rules:  A study of (-t,d) deletion.’

Week 12 Spring Break April 5-13
Read chapters in course text not covered in classes.


Week 13 Multilingual/multicultural aspects of assessment, diagnosis and treatment
April 19
Background: Patterson and Rodríguez in Ball (Ed).
  a) Cheng et al ‘Educating speech-language pathologists for a multicultural wordl’
  b) Semela ‘Significance of cultural variables in assessment and therapy’
  c) de Picciotto & Friedland ‘Verbal fluency in elderly bilingual speakers’
  d) Jordaan et al ‘Cognitive and linguistic profiles of SLI and semantic-pragmatic disorder in bilinguals’
  e) Holm & Dodd ‘Comparison of cross-language generalisation following speech therapy’
  f) Winter ‘Speech and language therapy for bilingual children: aspects of the current service’

Week 14 Sociolinguistic Aspects of Sign Language
April 26
Background: Lucas, Bayley & Kelly in Ball (Ed).
  a) Andrea Deumert ‘The sociolinguistics of sign language’ in Mesthrie et al
  b) Seal & Hammett ‘Language intervention with a child with hearing whose parents are deaf’
  c) Wilbur & Petersen ‘Modality interactions of speech and signing in simultaneous communication’
  d) Chapters from Lucas ‘Sociolinguistics in Deaf Communities’
  e) Chapters from Lucas et al ‘Sociolinguistic Variation in American Sign Language’
  f) Deuchar & James ‘English as the second language of the deaf’

Week 15 Presentations
May 3
   Presentations of term papers

May 10:   Final date for handing in final versions of term papers  


Course Text
Ball, M. J. (Ed.) (2005) Clinical Sociolinguistics. Oxford: Blackwell


Background Texts
Chambers, J. (2002) Sociolinguistic Theory. 2nd ed. Oxford: Blackwell
Coupland, N. & Jaworski, A (Eds.) (1997) Sociolinguistics. A Reader and Coursebook. London: Macmillan
Dittmar, N. (1976) Sociolinguistics. London: Edward Arnold.
Edwards, J. (1994) Multilingualism. London: Routledge
Fishman, J. (1972) Advances in the Sociology of Language, Vol II. The Hague: Mouton.
Giglioli, P. (Ed) (1972) Language and Social Context. Harmondsworth: Penguin
Gumperz, J. & Hymes, D. (1986) Directions in Sociolinguistics. Oxford: Blackwell
Labov, W. (1972) Sociolinguistic Patterns. Oxford: Blackwell
Menn, L., O’Connor, M., Obler, L. & Holland, A. (1995) Non-fluent aphasia in a multilingual world. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Mesthrie, R., Swann, J., Deumert, A. & W. Leep (2000) Introducing Sociolinguistics. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press
Milroy, J. (1992) Linguistic Variation and Change. Oxford: Blackwell.
Milroy, L. (1987) Language and Social Networks. 2nd edition. Oxford: Blackwell.
Paradis, M. (Ed.) (1995) Aspects of Bilingual Aphasia. Tarrytown, NY: Pergamon
Pride, J. & Holmes, J. (Eds) (1972) Sociolinguistics. Harmondsworth: Penguin
Wardhaugh, R. (2001) An Introduction to Sociolinguistics. 3rd ed. Oxford: Blackwell

Readings
Owens, J. (1999) Uniformity and discontinuity: toward a characterization of speech communities. Linguistics, 37, 663-698
Dua, H. (1981) Dimensions of speech community. International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 32, 85-119
Ana, O. & Parodi, C. (1998) Modeling the speech community: Configuration and variable types in the Mexican Spanish setting. Language in Society, 27, 23-51.

Wolfram, W. (1996) Delineation and description in dialectology: The case of Perfective I'm in Lumbee English. American Speech, 71, 5-26
Wolfram, W. & Schilling-Estes, N. (1995) Moribund dialects and the endangerment canon: The case of the Ocracoke brogue. Language, 71, 696-721

Holmes, J. (1986) Functions of you know in women’s and men’s speech. Language in Society, 15, 1-22
Holmes, J. (1997) Women, language and identity. Journal of Sociolinguistics, 1, 195-223.
Cameron, D. & Coates, J. (1984) Some problems in the sociolinguistic explanation of sex differences. Language and Communication, 5, 143-151.

Dubois, S. & Melançon, M. (1997) Cajun is dead - long live Cajun: shifting from a linguistic to a cultural community. Journal of Sociolinguistics, 1, 63-93.

Preston, D. (1999) A language attitude analysis of regional US Speech: Is northern US English not friendly enough? Cuadernos de Filologia Inglesa 8. (Variation and Linguistic Change in English: Diachronic and Synchronic Studies), J. C. Conde-Silvestre and J. M. Hernández-Campoy, eds., pp. 129-46.
Preston, D. & Milroy, L. (guest eds).(1999) Journal of Language and Social Psychology (Special Issue: Attitudes, Perception, and Linguistic Features) 18.1. For papers, see below.
Preston, D. (2002) Language with an attitude. In J. C. Chambers, N. Schilling-Estes, and P. Trudgill (eds). The handbook of language variation and change. Oxford: Blackwell, 40-66.

Wolfram, W., Hazen, K. & Tamburro, J. (1997) Isolation within isolation: A solitary century of African-American Vernacular English. Journal of Sociolinguistics 1, 7-38

Roberts, J. (1997a). "Acquisition of variable rules:  A study of (-t,d) deletion." Journal of Child Language 24: 351-372.

Cheng, L., Battle, D., Murdoch, B. & Martin, D. (2001) Educating speech-language pathologists for a multicultural word. Folia Phoniatrica et Logopaedica, 53, 121-127
Semela, J. (2001) Significance of cultural variables in assessment and therapy. Folia Phoniatrica et Logopaedica, 53, 128-134
de Picciotto, J. & Friedland, D. (2001) Verbal fluency in elderly bilingual speakers: normative data and preliminary application to Alzheimer’s Disease. Folia Phoniatrica et Logopaedica, 53, 146-152
Jordaan, H., Shaw-Ridley, G., Serfontein, J., Orelowitz, K. & Monaghan, N. (2001) Cognitive and linguistic profiles of SLI and semantic-pragmatic disorder in bilinguals. Folia Phoniatrica et Logopaedica, 53, 153-165
Holm, A. & Dodd, B. (2001) Comparison of cross-language generalisation following speech therapy. Folia Phoniatrica et Logopaedica, 53, 166-172
Winter, K. (1999) Speech and language therapy for bilingual children: aspects of the current service. International Journal of Language and Communication Disorders, 34, 85-98

Seal, B. & Hammett, L. (1995) Language intervention with a child with hearing whose parents are deaf. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 4, 15-21
Wilbur, R. & Petersen, L. (1998) Modality interactions of speech and signing in simultaneous communication. Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing Research,  41, 200-212
Lucas, C., Bayley, R. & Valli, C. (2001) Sociolinguistic Variation in American Sign Language. Gallaudet University Press
Lucas, C. (Ed.) (1995) Sociolinguistics in Deaf Communities. Gallaudet University Press
Deuchar, M. & James, H. (1985) English as the second language of the deaf. Language and Communication, 5, 45-51